Stupid question, but how do things like this resume from where they left off? Wouldn't the server need to be cooperating in this? Is that build into HTTP?
This is also how download accelerators worked (back in the late nineties, early naught's), by having different connections work at several ranges to maximize bandwidth usage.
Why? How could it be more useful? HTTP byte ranges are incredibly flexible, since you one request can specify many byte ranges at once (it's almost too flexible, since a dumb server can easily be overwhelmed by a maliciously complicated request)
It handles the basic case of fetching the remainder of an interrupted download, and can also support partial downloads e.g. for supporting a video stream with the user jumping to different places in the movie.