[lovelearning]

Pocketsphinx/Sphinx with a small, use-case specific dictionary showed much better accuracy for my accent and speech defects, than any of these cloud based recognition systems. I used a standard acoustic model, but it probably would have been even more accurate had I trained a custom acoustic model.

For simple use cases like home automation or desktop automation, I think it's a more practical approach than depending on a cloud API.

[kastnerkyle]

I have an easy wrapper to pocketsphinx here [1] - it has come in handy for me in the past. Another option is a gstreamer server with Kaldi [2].

[1] https://github.com/kastnerkyle/ez-phones

[2] https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/3pr4v4/are...

[danso]

I haven't tried out Pocket Sphinx myself...could you describe the training process, e.g. how long did it take, how much audio did you have to record, how easy was it to iterate to improve accuracy?

[lovelearning]

PocketSphinx/Sphinx use three models - an acoustic model, a language model and a phonetic dictionary. I'm no expert, but as I understand them, the acoustic model converts audio samples into phonemes(?), the language model contains probabilities of sequences of words, and the phonetic dictionary is a mapping of words to phonemes.

Initially, I just used standard en-us acoustic model, US english generic language model, and its associated phonetic dictionary. This was the baseline for judging accuracy. It was ok, but neither fast nor very accurate (likely due to my accent and speech defects). I'd say it was about 70% accurate.

Simply reducing the size of the vocabulary boosts accuracy because there is that much less chance of a mistake. It also improves recognition speed. For each of my use cases (home and desktop automation), I created a plain text file with the relevant command words. Then used their online tool [1] to generate a language model and phonetic dictionary from it.

For the acoustic model, there are two approaches - "adapting" and "training". Training is from scratch, while adapting adapts a standard acoustic model to better match personal accent or dialect or speech defects.

I found training as described [2] rather intimidating, and never tried it out. This is likely to take a lot of time (a couple of days atleast I think, based on my adaptation experience).

Instead I "adapted" the en-us acoustic model [3]. About an hour to come up with some grammatically correct text that included all the command words and phrases I wanted. Then reading it aloud while recording using Audacity. I attempted this multiple times, fiddling around with microphone volume and gain, trying to block ambient noise (I live in a rather noisy env), redoing it, final take. Took around 8 hours altogether with breaks. Finally generating the adapted acoustic model. About an hour.

About 95% of the time it understands what I say. About 5% of the time, I have to repeat. Especially with phrases.

Did this on both a desktop and raspberry pi. The Pi is the one managing home automation. I'm happy with it :)

[1]: http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/tools/lmtool-new.html

[2]: http://cmusphinx.sourceforge.net/wiki/tutorialam

[3]: http://cmusphinx.sourceforge.net/wiki/tutorialadapt

PS: Reading their documentation and searching for downloads takes more time than the actual task. They really need to improve those.

[vram22]

If not confidential, can you describe what kinds of automation you used this for, particularly the desktop automation?

I was interested in automating transcription to text of my own reminders to myself and other such audio files, say taken on the PC or on a portable voice recorder, hence the earlier trials I did. But at the time nothing worked out well enough, IIRC.

[lovelearning]

Nothing confidential at all :). I was playing with them because I personally don't like using keyboard and mouse, and also have some ideas for making computing easier for handicapped people.

My current desktop automation is doing command recognition. Commands like "open editor / email / browser", "shutdown", "suspend"...about 20 commands in all. 'pocketsphinx_continuous' is started as a daemon at startup and keeps listening in the background (I'm on Ubuntu).

I think from a speech recognition internals point of view transcription is more complex than recognizing these short command phrases. The training or adaptation corpus would have to be much larger than what I used.

[vram22]

Thanks. Good uses.

He he, the voice "shutdown" command you mention reminds me of a small assembly language routine that I used to use to reboot MSDOS PCs; it was just a single instruction to jump to the start of the BIOS (cold?) boot entry point, IIRC (JMP F000:FFF0 or something like that). Used to enter it into DOS's DEBUG.COM utility with the A command (for Assemble) and then write it out to disk as a tiny .COM file. (IOW, you did not even need an assembler to create it.)

Then you could reboot the PC just by typing:

REBOOT

at the DOS prompt.

Did all kinds of tricks of the trade (not just like that, many other kinds), in the earlier DOS and (more in) UNIX days ... Good fun, and useful to customers, many a time, too, including saving their bacon (aka data) multiple times (with, of course, no backups by them).