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by ddinh 3773 days ago
For local backups, Apple says [1] that "There is no way to recover your information or turn off Encrypt Backup if you lose or forget the password." so I'm inclined to thinking it's done with a secure symmetric encryption scheme with the key held by the user. If that's the case, since iTunes prompts you for a separate backup password (only used when restoring a backup), a security-conscious user would probably make that password sufficiently long as to be impossible to brute-force, regardless of any help from Apple.

[1]: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205220