1) detect pages that had changed since the last crawl, to avoid recrawling pages that hadn't changed?
You could use the deltafetch[1] middleware. It ignores requests to pages with items extracted in previous crawls.
2) detect pages that have changed their structure, breaking down the Spider that crawl it.
This is a tough one, since most of the spiders are heavily based on the HTML structure. You could use Spidermon [2] to monitor your spiders. It's available as an addon in the Scrapy Cloud platform [3], and there are plans to open source it in the near future. Also, dealing automatically with pages that change their structure is in the roadmap for Portia [4].