[cturner]

> Commodity hardware and general-purpose systems win every time.

What's latency like on commodity hardware vs dedicated equipment? I've no experience but would expect the dedicated hardware to be better. BSD is a monolithic kernel, so you'd have the overhead of passing through the for each of the routed packets, right?

[rjsw]

The packets never go out of the kernel, latency seems fine on my BSD router.

What word should be after "through the" in your post ?

[cturner]

Sorry. "Kernel". Through the kernel. But you were there already - I hadn't twigged that there's no need to jump out of userland in the first place.

[barrkel]

> through the [?] for each

BSD pf is interpreted by a kernel module in kernel mode. There is no e.g. kernel / user transition involved.