[mahsu]

What would be the best way to throttle fps and ensure compatibility between different refresh rates?

[moron4hire]

You count the time since the last update, wait for the time to accumulate over the update threshold, run the update loop with a fixed time-slice enough times to match whole number of frames. Let the carry over perpetuate to the next frame.

At 144hz with a fixed time-slice set for 60hz, you'd have one update on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 9th, 12th, 14th, etc. frames.

[TronPaul_]

The best way is usually to not tie game state to frame ticks. See Bethesda's Creation Engine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yuyp-S7FPNI for why that's a bad idea.