[imron]

Actually, thinking about it a bit more, the only thing you could store in a std::vector indexed by signed ints where you would have a problem would be single bytes.

If you have 2 billion 2 byte elements then that's 4gb which is the total addressable space on a 32-bit system - leaving no room for program code or any other data meaning you couldn't run anything.

You could go 64bit, but then signed ints go up to (2^63)-1 and you have the same problem - elements more than a single byte in size will cause you to run out of addressable memory before you exhaust available signed ints.

[okasaki]

Vector<bool> is often specialized to take 1 bit per element, so that's another one.

[imron]

Yes, and like a vector containing > 2 billion single byte elements it's still delving in to a very peculiar use case.

Compared to the majority of other uses of std::vector which will never be able to overflow signed ints.

I get from a logical point of view that size() would never be < 0 therefore it makes sense to use an unsigned int, however from a practical point of view it also makes programs more susceptible to a number of pernicious bugs that can catch out unsuspecting programmers, e.g. things like

   for ( size_t i = v.size(); i >= 0; --i )
   {
      ...
   }

Which would work fine with a signed int, but here it will just loop infinitely.