[farrisbris]

I think the single most important 'thing' go offers is his third point. The removal of the thread. The ability to very easily run multiple concurrent pieces of code cannot be understated. I have my grievances with go as i do with every other language, but what makes me more or less automatically start most new projects in go is that i know that at some point i will probably be sending the same http request to N servers or some variation of a similar task, and even if it can be made to work in any other language, the ease of which it is done in go keeps me coming back.

As an aside i think the composition over inheritance argument deserves a mention. The io.Reader and io.Writer interfaces () and their close friends io.ReadCloser, io.ReadWriter etc) have completely transformed how i approach tasks that involve shifting data through a number of whatevers.

[ridiculous_fish]

What do you mean by "removal of the thread?" Go is multithreaded and is vulnerable to classic thread-safety issues, like races and reentrancy.

[mkup]

Go runtime library contains user-space scheduler which maps lightweight Go threads to heavyweight OS threads in M:N manner. By the way, Go runtime library allows running user code in only one OS thread per process, all other OS threads must be in the state of blocking system call. So, no mutexes / interlocked instructions are required to access global data from goroutines, but this comes at the cost of reduced parallelism compared to C/C++ (which author of original article seems to be unaware of).

[aws_ls]

I doubt if this is totally true. Upto Go version 1.4, the process would use only 1 core/cpu per process by default, but you could change it by:

numCPU := runtime.NumCPU()

ret := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(numCPU)

From 1.5 the process the default value of MAXPROCS is total CPUs on the machine.

So its not 'reduced parallelism compared to C/C++' rather the concurrency infrastructure (channels etc) makes it transparent to the programmer. I don't have to worry about creating a threadpool myself like C/C++ and Java. So overall there is a net gain, in my understanding. Am I wrong any where in this?

[NateDad]

Wow, uh no. You're 100% wrong, unless I'm misunderstanding you. You can absolutely have user code running on N threads simultaneously (where N is the number of cores of your machine). And you definitely do need mutexes.

Your statement holds only if GOMAXPROCS is 1, which granted used to be the default, but was always able to be increased, and the default now is the number of cores on the machine.

[mkup]

Ah, now I see these things changed recently. I wrote original comment because at the time of Go 1.1 or 1.2 my colleague wrote racy code which accessed global variable without mutexes. I tried to educate him to use mutexes, by reducing his code to the minimal version demonstrating race condition, but failed. Then I digged into the source code of Go runtime library and discovered that only one thread could be in the running state at any moment (other threads could be in the state of blocking system call).

So, things changed since that time. OK, nice to see Go evolves. Interesting, how many code in production got broken during upgrade to Go 1.5 due to this backwards-incompatible change. Overall situation seemed totally reasonable to me at that time: Go is a language for average programmer, so it should prefer safely over runtime performance; and coding cowboys who are comfortable with mutexes, interlocked instructions, memory barrier instructions, and lock-free data structures will use C/C++ anyway.

[tcard]

But that wasn't true either at the time of Go 1.1, nor ever I believe. It was the _default_ behavior to have a single core running at a time, but you could just tweak that with the [GOMAXPROCS](https://godoc.org/runtime#GOMAXPROCS) variable, documented everywhere. (That's what changed in Go 1.5; now the default for GOMAXPROCS is the number of cores in the machine.)

[gtremper]

He's referring to interacting with goroutines rather than system threads directly.

[eropple]

Which Go neither invented nor seriously popularized, unless we are to rewrite history to ignore the actor systems in common use on both the CLR and the JVM (to say nothing of Erlang et al, but "popularized" rather rules that out) well before Go's public release.

Unless the qualifier is "popularized among Ruby and Python people," and, well, sure, but the number of Prometheuses to bring fire to those folks is large and ever growing.

[hacknat]

Go didn't invent co-routines, but the primitives of channels and the select statement that go along with them, while not ground breaking, amazingly simplify a lot of concurrency patterns that can get overly bloated and/or difficult to reason about in other languages.

I have simply never seen another language that makes it as easy as Go does to reason about parallelism/concurrency (maybe Erlang).

[eropple]

Languages don't need to make parallelism and concurrency easy if they're sufficiently expressive by themselves. Go bakes in things that a competent programmer doesn't need baked, while ignoring things that make a competent programmer better at their jobs (yes, it's the generics problem again!). Making channels primitives isn't a positive to me when it's something I can implement as well or better in userland--which I can, even in a language as middling and Java-1.1y as Go.

Go's channels are effectively a locking message queue (Java's had one of these since at least Java 5) plus a (usually global) thread pool. Not too long ago I implemented the moral equivalent in C++11, using only the standard library and in a unit-testable format, in forty-eight lines. Selecting across them is nice syntactic sugar, but is likewise able to be mimicked in plenty of other languages. Or, alternatively, I can use way more pleasant abstractions like Akka or Celluloid in not-Go languages (sending up Erlang when Akka provides a very similar experience in Scala or Kotlin--even Java, if you're using Java 8--is...curious).

I guess you can make an argument for TOOWTDI, but I don't find that to be persuasive when the OW in question is middling.

[kasey_junk]

This is an attitude I've encountered before & can't really get my head around. Channels are a really bad implementation of a queued message concurrency pattern that has been standard in other languages for years.

The select pattern maps directly to any number of interupt style programming abstractions that are available in every language I've programmed in the last 15 years.

Quite simply I find the go concurrency story primitive to the point of painful. I'd love to figure out why my opinion on that is so far outside the common refrain

[meowface]

While channels definitely aren't anything new, and are just a renamed locking queue structure, why do you say they're "a really bad implementation"?

[xorcist]

What other mainstream programming language has a queue pattern built right into the language itself?

[stingraycharles]

It would be quite unfair to have the "removal of the thread" be a legacy of Go, given that this is not something Go invented.

[sigzero]

Well, to be fair, Go doesn't bring anything "new" to the table either.

[eropple]

Precisely this.

While we're talking about what it popularizes, there's also the sense of epistemic closure that I've never seen to the extent that I do in the Go community. You're right in that it doesn't bring anything new to the table; that's its developers' intent, but its fans have tried to turn it into some kind of revelation. Which it's not, of course, it's Java 1.1 with a somewhat nicer syntax. And that's not a crime, it's not unforgivable--but it's also nothing special, and by god am I so very tired of its partisans holding it up as the best thing since sliced bread because they don't know what the rest of the world looks like.

(This expressly acknowledges the--rather few, IMO--Go fans who do understand the rest of the world and use it for their own reasons; I think they're hurting themselves, but I respect the choice.)