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There are structural barriers (e.g., the ability to request a different school) and institutional barriers (e.g., the willingness or resources needed to overcome structural barriers).

I think most districts in the U.S. have similar processes to attend an alternate school, but barriers remain high in low-income areas, ranging from stigma to logistics (e.g., transportation to a more distant school). Even when structures are in place, the ability to attend a different school is a stretch for some.