[Karunamon]

How much of that immense expense is due to various factors that can be summed up as "obstinance", and how much is due to actual, practical, tangible factors?

I'm not being snarky - I've seen many a large business make many a horrible decision, not due to a dispassionate evaluation of the pros and cons of each option, but because the people in charge hate change. And it's not that said change would be necessarily painful or demonstrably bad, it's an irrational bias.

Change hate appears to scale linearly with organizational size, more specifically, number of managerial staff.