In iOS 8 it became a public API. But the problem is that this didn't actually directly measure pressure, it just measured touch radius. Pressure affects touch radius, but so do a lot of other things (finger size, what part of the finger is used, which finger is used, etc) and so it's not particularly effective at extracting pressure.
This sort of thing really depends on the application, and the nice feature provided with the new "force" property is that you can actually distinguish between a "whole finger pad" light touch, and a "thin, firm, almost just the finger nail" hard touch, and most things in betwee.
I don't think is gonna be consistent among different fingers/people, sadly. but synaptic did pressure sensitivity on contact area long ago, wouldn't be surprised if they got some nice normalization heuristic already going.
edit this is funny coincidence: the dev guide for synaptic says 255 level but better badn in 7 levels at most