I'd think something along the lines of Surrogate Keys/Cache Tags would make sense:
- https://www.drupal.org/developing/api/8/cache/tags
- http://info.varnish-software.com/blog/advanced-cache-invalid... (ugh, they broke their site, cached at https://pinboard.in/cached/a31c4630dd2d/)
- https://www.fastly.com/blog/surrogate-keys-part-1
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-a-powerful-way-to-pu...