[Hhefferman1989]

I lived in Berlin and knew many Indian and African software professionals who moved to Berlin for a specific job and very much considered themselves (and were considered by others) to be expats. I understand what you're saying, but in practice the usage of these terms doesn't break down in the way that the Guardian article would lead you to believe.

[tormeh]

Berliners call everyone not settling down permanently "tourists" and resent them somewhat, if my impression is correct.