Not really. Deep learning is the popular name for neural nets that use many layers (deep neural nets or DNNs). They are being used to do more than just pattern recognition (the mainstay use for NNs in the past). But at present DNNs do not attempt to solve complex/compound AI problems like planning or knowledge representation or understanding natural language semantics. It's not clear yet whether DNNs can be extended to those kinds of problems.
That's a little breathless - I'd just think of it as a particular subset of machine learning that's produced some promising results, and leave talk of consciousness out of it.