What is the green "shadow" on the right of the moon? I'm not saying this is fake, but it looks like what I see in some greenscreen videos. I am really curious.
"EPIC’s “natural color” images of Earth are generated by combining three separate monochrome exposures taken by the camera in quick succession. EPIC takes a series of 10 images using different narrowband spectral filters -- from ultraviolet to near infrared -- to produce a variety of science products. The red, green and blue channel images are used in these color images.
Combining three images taken about 30 seconds apart as the moon moves produces a slight but noticeable camera artifact on the right side of the moon. Because the moon has moved in relation to the Earth between the time the first (red) and last (green) exposures were made, a thin green offset appears on the right side of the moon when the three exposures are combined. This natural lunar movement also produces a slight red and blue offset on the left side of the moon in these unaltered images."
You'd think they could be smarter about combining the R,G,B images. E.g., allow for the thing under each pixel to have moved a little from one image to the next, look at all their narrowband images (which will typically be strongly correlated, especially for nearby wavelengths) to estimate how fast each part of the image is moving, and then to get a pixel in the final image combine its G with slightly offset (maybe interpolated) R and B.
Fiddly but hardly, er, rocket science.
(Of course for some purposes you really need the unaltered R,G,B images. But if you're producing a single RGB JPEG image for public consumption, that's not one of those purposes.)
[EDITED to add:] More difficult, I guess, is dealing with things that appear in only some of the planes. E.g., if G is taken last then there will be bits of Earth at the trailing edge of the moon in the G frame that have no counterparts in the R,B frames because the moon occluded them in those frames. So there will still be artefacts in the image. But I'd have thought they'd be less objectionable than the ones you get from just naively stacking the R, G, and B.
It seems like you have re-discovered why segmenting the lunar image and shifting it backwards in time, to align the three color planes, was not done. They don't have the information to fill in the resulting gap, because it was occluded. In a very real sense, they have nothing to put in those pixels.
If they had wanted to do it, they could have. The ephemeris (i.e., basic imaging geometry relating to the location of Earth, Moon, and camera) will be very well-known. That bread-and-butter image processing is no problem.
Combining three images taken about 30 seconds apart as the moon moves produces a slight but noticeable camera artifact on the right side of the moon. Because the moon has moved in relation to the Earth between the time the first (red) and last (green) exposures were made, a thin green offset appears on the right side of the moon when the three exposures are combined. This natural lunar movement also produces a slight red and blue offset on the left side of the moon in these unaltered images."