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The Mystery of the Voynich Manuscript (newyorker.com)
86 points by ewoolery 4723 days ago
9 comments

I found this scholarly article to be a concise summary of many interesting points: http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/voynich-11.pdf ("What we know about the Voynich manuscript" by Reddy S. and Knight K.).
And I really believe this is the simplest and exact solution:

Rugg (2004) claims that words might have been generated using a ‘Cardan Grille’ – a way to deterministically generate words from a table of morphemes.

(Gordon Rugg. 2004. The mystery of the Voynich Manuscript. Scientific American Magazine.)

If you know there was a reasonably fast way to produce the content which has exactly observed properties, why searching for some more complicated explanation?

> why searching for some more complicated explanation?

But why generate all that text using a cardan grille?

To sell a book as something extraordinary.
thank you
Obligatory link to the solution to the mystery: http://xkcd.com/593/
Obligatory link to an online copy. It's well worth the browse:

http://archive.org/details/TheVoynichManuscript

The grandparent is faster, the parent is perhaps more detailed by default. I'd recommend the grandparent.
Direct Djvu link: http://ia700305.us.archive.org/6/items/TheVoynichManuscript/...

They use some Java wrapper which is pointless if you have a native Djvu plugin.

One wonders, when you consider things like this, if we ever have any hope of actually talking to a non-human intelligent species. Some human wrote this thing (and assuming they were not just pulling our leg, or as the XKCD comic guesses running some medieval D&D game) and we've tried for decades to figure it out. How could we possibly hope to even start on understanding a non-human document?
Whoever wrote this was either:

1) writing gibberish 2) writing in a coded language to hide the message

Neither of these would be the same as a coordinated attempt to communicate, even if it were asynchronous.

This interpretation is entirely possible, however there are two issues I have with that.

The first is that even in medieval times parchment wasn't cheap. It wasn't like anyone could get there hands on enough to make 200 pages of gibberish unless they were a relatively wealthy doodler.

The second is that were it in code, the sophistication of ciphers in the 1500's was hot high, and generally quite susceptible to the sort of forensic analysis that is covered in the ISI paper linked in the comments. As far as I am aware, the only cipher system, known at that time, that would not succumb would be a one time pad. And in the case of an OTP cipher it would reveal itself in other ways (lots of entropy in the words).

If it isn't clear, I do agree that it 'being in code' is the most likely reason it has not been deciphered, but that the cipher of that time is not breakable given what we know of 'plain text' of those times (the various languages it could have been written in) makes me wonder how we would fare against an alien communication (should we ever pick one up).

> The first is that even in medieval times parchment wasn't cheap. It wasn't like anyone could get there hands on enough to make 200 pages of gibberish unless they were a relatively wealthy doodler.

But consider: > The first person said to have owned the manuscript was the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, who reportedly was intrigued enough to buy it from its previous owner for six hundred ducats, around ninety thousand dollars in today’s money. (According to the manuscript’s radiocarbon dating, the book was already nearly two centuries old at the time of his purchase.)

Supposing it's random — perhaps the person who made it originally, two hundred years earlier, hoped to charge a similar price from either a gullible patron like Rudolf, or someone who hoped to find a greater fool like Rudolf?

That is a very good point, if the author knew that there was a demand for mysterious documents they may have created one to fill that demand.
Tis is very likely. I bought a map of the US for my dad (he collects old maps) which depicts California as an island some 10-15 years after they were sure it wasn't an island. It turns out that novelty maps were more in demand than real maps.
I just think its unlikely that an alien message would be coded. Our own messages sent with intent to space are not just unenciphered, they include a lot of meta data to make finding the patterns required to understand it easier.

If instead we used a one time pad, we wouldn't have much luck reaching out to aliens. This points to the more likely scenario that the manuscript isn't encoded at all (gibberish) or it was meant to be understood by only one person.

Does anyone have an analysis of the drawings? How accurate are they? What about the detail of the human anatomy, is it comprehensive? Is there any meaning in the series of diagrams? These questions won't decode the text, but they may give an indication of the quality of the text. Based on a WAG, I'd say the book's text is not particularly informative, it is merely the "challenge" that generates the interest.
Exactly the challenge. I am pretty sure that I read they took http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf%27s_law and applied it to the distrobution of words/letters and found that it does not match up with what people would call a language.
> The word frequency distribution follows Zipf’s law, which is a necessary (though not sufficient) test of linguistic plausibility.

From http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/people/voynich-11.pdf, linked in another comment.

Oh reaaally. Interesting, I will read up because I had heard the exact opposite, and clearly my source is wrong! (my brain)
Oblogatory (sic) link to article posted here a month ago http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22975809
I always thought Magnus was a better candidate than Bacon. But Lynn Thorndike said it wasn't; so that was pretty much the end of that.
How much is the Voynich Manuscript currently worth?
Aliens are as likely an explanation as anything found so far. Given that no other examples of this language have been found it's hard to imagine it could be any real human one.
I think it's very easy to imagine that a real human wrote this book, since it's right in line with the materials available in the period. It's not written with some futuristic material like say... laser printer toner. Just because we can't translate something (which may just be gibberish) that doesn't prove the existence of aliens.
>Aliens are as likely an explanation as anything found so far.

That's quite the logical leap you took there. I think it's far far more likely that a human wrote this document.

So all samples of unknown languages are alien?