Theoretically you could do it with just wheel rotation data which wouldn't change conditions frequently like roads might. There's probably only one spot in the world where you can start driving, go around a somewhat circular road for 430 feet, have a left turn and go 251 feet, right turn and go 3451 feet
Where I grew up as a kid, we had what was called singing bridges. There were 2 maybe 3 of them crossing the river. There were steel grates where water and snow would fall trough to the river below. When yo drove over the bridge you would hear a hum.
I the 90s they replaced these bridges with pavement. That was a bit sad to see, but that is what you get when cities fix everything in the cheapest possible way.