A nice example of Hegelian Dialectic (if we're being XIX) or Robinson Resolution (if we're being XX), involving public defecation being a crime, occurred recently in Catalunya:
Thesis: the guy pooping is a traditional element of the nativity scene
Antithesis: government sponsored nativities shouldn't depict crime
Synthesis: keep the guy, but add a police officer, writing the guy a ticket
> I wonder if they added the anti-crime as PR excuse.
Having now done a bit more research than I care to admit to, this book, particularly the page 14 sample, suggests nuance rather than pretext, particularly that reduction of public urination was a secondary benefit that became a primary benefit after public lighting:
If you go to a university's library, the librarians there are frequently quite good at least finding sources that can lead you to other sources if not directly answering your question. If all else fails, they can probably help you find an expert to e-mail.
I took the liberty of stalking you. I bet you if you e-mailed/visited either of the two people with "Italian Renaissance" here, they could probably directly help you answer your question: https://history.washington.edu/people/faculty
I spent a bit of time trying to answer that question (because I enjoy the exercise of it), and it looks like this would probably be an easier question for a speaker of Italian to answer.
The sample pages of that book suggest there is not very much authoritative information on them and I didn't see an earliest known date of construction of them.
That seems to suggest the middle of the 15th century is the answer to your question since the profession of codega appeared at the same time they were built according to the first article.
I was recently in Amsterdam (you know, the place where they said "welp we'll never fully outlaw prostitution & drugs so let's allow but regulate") and appreciated a series of very public urinals. Which I assume follows the same logic "people are going to pee on the street no matter what, let's give them a place to help control it" - I quite like the idea that acknowledging certain human traits are essentially a force of nature, so why not redirect that firehose towards a more tasteful target than impossibly try to stop it.
Shout out to Dublin, that closed all its Victorian public inner-city toilets b/c it couldn't be bothered to police them (much as it doesn't police ASB anywhere), shifting responsibility to local businesses, most of which are now "Toilets are for customers only" as a result..
In Belfast we had neither public toilets nor public bins for many years. Too easy to drop bombs into. No double decker buses either at the defusal robot couldn't climb stairs.
Or even simpler - build more green spaces with grass, shrubbery and trees. Peeing on those is harmless and they provide other significant benefits as well.
The article mentions that too, although as a secondary explanation for some reason.
> it's said that the inclined casts of mortar also had the task to maintain a certain public decorum and therefore prevent Venetians from urinating in the corners of the calli.
I rather buy the idea that the secondary explanation is actually the primary reason. In the first picture you can clearly see such a structure in a corner that doesn't connect to any kind of street/alley. Thus, I personally, don't buy the primary reason. Of course, unless that specific spot was made much later in time.
Eh. Those look like anti-pee systems to me. I bet it was an official take "to reduce crime" - but those things are all slanted down, to push pee on your foot. And when I need to pee corners always catch my eye.
"However, the "antibandito humps" had a second usefulness, so much so that it received a second name: that of the "pissotte" or "pissabraghe": in addition to preventing criminals from hiding from their prey, it's said that the inclined casts of mortar also had the task to maintain a certain public decorum and therefore prevent Venetians from urinating in the corners of the calli."