This is a paper largely about academic influences. Given the 1943 BRUSA Agreement [1] during the war, I wonder how much transfer of practical knowledge there was, eg about Tommy Flowers' Colossus machines at Bletchley Park, which were undoubtedly 'universal', and 10 of which were built with increasing sophistication by 1945.

[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_BRUSA_Agreement